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开始码代码之前，我们先来了解一下三种邮件服务协议：
(资料图)
1、SMTP协议
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)，即简单邮件传输协议。相当于中转站，将邮件发送到客户端。
2、POP3协议
POP3(Post Office Protocol 3)，即邮局协议的第3个版本，是电子邮件的第一个离线协议标准。该协议把邮件下载到本地计算机，不与服务器同步，缺点是更易丢失邮件或多次下载相同的邮件。
3、IMAP协议
IMAP(Internet Mail Access Protocol)，即交互式邮件存取协议。该协议连接远程邮箱直接操作，与服务器内容同步。
然后介绍一下email包
这个包的中心组件是代表电子邮件消息的“对象模型”。 应用程序主要通过在 message 子模块中定义的对象模型接口与这个包进行交互。 应用程序可以使用此 API 来询问有关现有电子邮件的问题、构造新的电子邮件，或者添加或移除自身也使用相同对象模型接口的电子邮件子组件。 也就是说，遵循电子邮件消息及其 MIME 子组件的性质，电子邮件对象模型是所有提供 EmailMessage API 的对象所构成的树状结构。
接下来我们通过具体的代码实现一个登录邮箱客户端，下载邮件，解析邮件附件内容的功能。
首先我们需要定义一个邮件解析的类，该类需要三个变量：
1、邮箱所属的imap服务地址；
2、邮箱账号；
3、邮箱密码【注：不同邮箱需要不同的安全策略，例如qq邮箱需要短信验证，获取登录授权码，而不是明文密码去登录远程客户端】
class Email_parse: def __init__(self,remote_server_url,email_url,password): # imap服务地址 self.remote_server_url = remote_server_url # 邮箱账号 self.email_url = email_url # 邮箱密码 self.password = password
然后定义类中入口函数，登录远程，默认获取第一页所有的邮件。我们获取邮件的主题，并打印出来【不同邮件主题的编码可能不同，二进制需要转码才能正确显示】
def main_parse_Email(self): """入口函数，登录imap服务""" server = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.remote_server_url, 993) server.login(self.email_url, self.password) server.select("INBOX") status,data = server.search(None,"ALL") if status != "OK": raise Exception("read email error") emailids = data[0].split() mail_counts = len(emailids) print("count:",mail_counts) # 邮件的遍历是按时间从后往前，这里我们选择最新的一封邮件 for i in range(mail_counts - 1, mail_counts - 2, -1): status, edata = server.fetch(emailids[i], "(RFC822)") msg = email.message_from_bytes(edata[0][1]) #获取邮件主题title subject = email.header.decode_header(msg.get("subject")) if type(subject[-1][0]) == bytes: title = subject[-1][0].decode(str(subject[-1][1])) elif type(subject[-1][0]) == str: title = subject[-1][0] print("title:", title)其中，msg变量保存的就是邮件的主体，接下来因为会重复用到msg和tilte，我们将构造一个类函数返回msg和title。
def get_email_title(msg): subject = email.header.decode_header(msg.get("subject")) if type(subject[-1][0]) == bytes: title = subject[-1][0].decode(str(subject[-1][1])) elif type(subject[-1][0]) == str: title = subject[-1][0] print("title:", title) return title解析邮件，我们分为两部分，邮件正文【HTML】和附件【xlsx等】，判断有附件，我们就保存到固定的路径下。表格的解析不再赘述了，pandas之类的包足以搞定。
def get_att(msg): """获取附件并下载""" filename = Email_parse.get_email_name(msg) for part in msg.walk(): file_name = part.get_param("name") if file_name: data = part.get_payload(decode=True) if data != None: att_file = open("./src/" + filename, "wb") att_file.write(data) att_file.close() else: pass邮件正文内容，我们直接解析html，将文本内容直接保存到.txt文件中，方便读取。
def get_text_from_HTML(msg): """获取邮件中的html""" filename = Email_parse.get_email_name(msg) current_title = Email_parse.get_email_title(msg) print("filename:",filename,type(filename)) for part in msg.walk(): if not part.is_multipart(): result = part.get_payload(decode=True) result = result.decode("gbk") f = open(f"./src/{current_title}.txt","w") f.write(result) f.close() return result完整代码如下：
import emailimport imaplibfrom email.header import decode_headerimport pandas as pdimport datetimeclass Email_parse: def __init__(self,remote_server_url,email_url,password): self.remote_server_url = remote_server_url self.email_url = email_url self.password = password def get_att(msg): filename = Email_parse.get_email_name(msg) for part in msg.walk(): file_name = part.get_param("name") if file_name: data = part.get_payload(decode=True) if data != None: att_file = open("./src/" + filename, "wb") att_file.write(data) att_file.close() else: pass def get_email_title(msg): subject = email.header.decode_header(msg.get("subject")) if type(subject[-1][0]) == bytes: title = subject[-1][0].decode(str(subject[-1][1])) elif type(subject[-1][0]) == str: title = subject[-1][0] print("title:", title) return title def get_email_name(msg): for part in msg.walk(): file_name = part.get_param("name") if file_name: h = email.header.Header(file_name) dh = email.header.decode_header(h) filename = dh[0][0] if dh[0][1]: value, charset = decode_header(str(filename, dh[0][1]))[0] if charset: filename = value.decode(charset) print("附件名称：", filename) return filename def main_parse_Email(self): server = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.remote_server_url, 993) server.login(self.email_url, self.password) server.select("INBOX") status,data = server.search(None,"ALL") if status != "OK": raise Exception("read email error") emailids = data[0].split() mail_counts = len(emailids) print("count:",mail_counts) for i in range(mail_counts - 1, mail_counts - 2, -1): status, edata = server.fetch(emailids[i], "(RFC822)") msg = email.message_from_bytes(edata[0][1]) subject = email.header.decode_header(msg.get("subject")) if type(subject[-1][0]) == bytes: title = subject[-1][0].decode(str(subject[-1][1])) elif type(subject[-1][0]) == str: title = subject[-1][0] print("title:", title) Email_parse.get_att(msg) Email_parse.get_text_from_HTML(msg) def get_text_from_HTML(msg): filename = Email_parse.get_email_name(msg) current_title = Email_parse.get_email_title(msg) print("filename:",filename,type(filename)) for part in msg.walk(): if not part.is_multipart(): result = part.get_payload(decode=True) result = result.decode("gbk") f = open(f"./src/{current_title}.txt","w") f.write(result) f.close() return resultif __name__ == "__main__": remote_server_url = "imap.qq.com" email_url = "*********@qq.com" password = "**********" demo = Email_parse(remote_server_url,email_url,password) demo.main_parse_Email()运行结果：
【相关推荐：Python3视频教程 】
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